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Plots bars diagrams for discrete statistical variables, both for one or multiple samples.
data can be a list of outcomes representing one sample, or a matrix of m rows and n columns, representing n samples of size m each.
Available options are:
3/4): relative width of rectangles. This
value must be in the range [0,1].
clustered): indicates how multiple samples are
shown. Valid values are: clustered and stacked.
1): a positive integer number representing
the gap between two consecutive groups of bars.
[]): a list of colors for multiple samples.
When there are more samples than specified colors, the extra necesary colors
are chosen at random. See color to learn more
about them.
absolute): indicates the scale of the
ordinates. Possible values are: absolute, relative,
and percent.
orderlessp): possible values are
orderlessp or ordergreatp, indicating how statistical outcomes
should be ordered on the x-axis.
[]): a list with the strings to be used in
the legend. When the list length is other than 0 or the number of
samples, an error message is returned.
0): indicates where the plot begins to be
plotted on the x-axis.
draw options, except xtics, which is
internally assigned by barsplot.
If you want to set your own values for this option or want to build
complex scenes, make use of barsplot_description. See example below.
draw options: key, color,
fill_color, fill_density and line_width. See also
bars.
Function barsplot_description creates a graphic object
suitable for creating complex scenes, together with other
graphic objects. There is also a function wxbarsplot for
creating embedded histograms in interfaces wxMaxima and iMaxima.
Examples:
Univariate sample in matrix form. Absolute frequencies.
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) m : read_matrix (file_search ("biomed.data"))$
(%i3) barsplot(
col(m,2),
title = "Ages",
xlabel = "years",
box_width = 1/2,
fill_density = 3/4)$
Two samples of different sizes, with relative frequencies and user declared colors.
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) l1:makelist(random(10),k,1,50)$
(%i3) l2:makelist(random(10),k,1,100)$
(%i4) barsplot(
l1,l2,
box_width = 1,
fill_density = 1,
bars_colors = [black, grey],
frequency = relative,
sample_keys = ["A", "B"])$
Four non numeric samples of equal size.
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) barsplot(
makelist([Yes, No, Maybe][random(3)+1],k,1,50),
makelist([Yes, No, Maybe][random(3)+1],k,1,50),
makelist([Yes, No, Maybe][random(3)+1],k,1,50),
makelist([Yes, No, Maybe][random(3)+1],k,1,50),
title = "Asking for something to four groups",
ylabel = "# of individuals",
groups_gap = 3,
fill_density = 0.5,
ordering = ordergreatp)$
Stacked bars.
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) barsplot(
makelist([Yes, No, Maybe][random(3)+1],k,1,50),
makelist([Yes, No, Maybe][random(3)+1],k,1,50),
makelist([Yes, No, Maybe][random(3)+1],k,1,50),
makelist([Yes, No, Maybe][random(3)+1],k,1,50),
title = "Asking for something to four groups",
ylabel = "# of individuals",
grouping = stacked,
fill_density = 0.5,
ordering = ordergreatp)$
barsplot in a multiplot context.
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) l1:makelist(random(10),k,1,50)$
(%i3) l2:makelist(random(10),k,1,100)$
(%i4) bp1 :
barsplot_description(
l1,
box_width = 1,
fill_density = 0.5,
bars_colors = [blue],
frequency = relative)$
(%i5) bp2 :
barsplot_description(
l2,
box_width = 1,
fill_density = 0.5,
bars_colors = [red],
frequency = relative)$
(%i6) draw(gr2d(bp1), gr2d(bp2))$
For bars diagrams related options, see bars of package draw.
See also functions histogram and piechart.
This function plots box-and-whishker diagrams. Argument data can be a
list, which is not of great interest, since these diagrams are mainly used for
comparing different samples, or a matrix, so it is possible to compare
two or more components of a multivariate statistical variable.
But it is also allowed data to be a list of samples with
possible different sample sizes, in fact this is the only function
in package descriptive that admits this type of data structure.
Available options are:
3/4): relative width of boxes.
This value must be in the range [0,1].
vertical): possible values:
vertical and horizontal.
draw options, except points_joined, point_size,
point_type, xtics, ytics, xrange, and yrange,
which are internally assigned by boxplot.
If you want to set your own values for this options or want to build
complex scenes, make use of boxplot_description.
draw options: key, color,
and line_width.
Function boxplot_description creates a graphic object
suitable for creating complex scenes, together with other
graphic objects. There is also a function wxboxplot for
creating embedded histograms in interfaces wxMaxima and iMaxima.
Examples:
Box-and-whishker diagram from a multivariate sample.
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) s2 : read_matrix(file_search("wind.data"))$
(%i3) boxplot(s2,
box_width = 0.2,
title = "Windspeed in knots",
xlabel = "Stations",
color = red,
line_width = 2)$
Box-and-whishker diagram from three samples of different sizes.
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) A :
[[6, 4, 6, 2, 4, 8, 6, 4, 6, 4, 3, 2],
[8, 10, 7, 9, 12, 8, 10],
[16, 13, 17, 12, 11, 18, 13, 18, 14, 12]]$
(%i3) boxplot (A, box_orientation = horizontal)$
This function plots an histogram from a continuous sample. Sample data must be stored in a list of numbers or an one dimensional matrix.
Available options are:
10): number of classes of the histogram, or
a list indicating the limits of the classes and the number of them, or
only the limits.
absolute): indicates the scale of the
ordinates. Possible values are: absolute, relative,
and percent.
auto): format of the histogram tics. Possible
values are: auto, endpoints, intervals, or a list
of labels.
draw options, except xrange, yrange,
and xtics, which are internally assigned by histogram.
If you want to set your own values for these options, make use of
histogram_description. See examples bellow.
draw options: key, color,
fill_color, fill_density and line_width. See also
bars.
Function histogram_description creates a graphic object
suitable for creating complex scenes, together with other
graphic objects. There is also a function wxhistogram for
creating embedded histograms in interfaces wxMaxima and iMaxima.
Examples:
A simple with eight classes:
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) s1 : read_list (file_search ("pidigits.data"))$
(%i3) histogram (
s1,
nclasses = 8,
title = "pi digits",
xlabel = "digits",
ylabel = "Absolute frequency",
fill_color = grey,
fill_density = 0.6)$
Setting the limits of the histogram to -2 and 12, with 3 classes. Also, we introduce predefined tics:
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) s1 : read_list (file_search ("pidigits.data"))$
(%i3) histogram (
s1,
nclasses = [-2,12,3],
htics = ["A", "B", "C"],
terminal = png,
fill_color = "#23afa0",
fill_density = 0.6)$
We make use of histogram_description for setting
the xrange and adding an explicit curve into the scene:
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) ( load("distrib"),
m: 14, s: 2,
s2: random_normal(m, s, 1000) ) $
(%i3) draw2d(
grid = true,
xrange = [5, 25],
histogram_description(
s2,
nclasses = 9,
frequency = relative,
fill_density = 0.5),
explicit(pdf_normal(x,m,s), x, m - 3*s, m + 3* s))$
Similar to barsplot, but plots sectors instead of rectangles.
Available options are:
[]): a list of colors for sectors.
When there are more sectors than specified colors, the extra necesary colors
are chosen at random. See color to learn more
about them.
[0,0]): diagram’s center.
1): diagram’s radius.
draw options, except key, which is
internally assigned by piechart.
If you want to set your own values for this option or want to build
complex scenes, make use of piechart_description.
draw options: key, color,
fill_density and line_width. See also
ellipse.
Function piechart_description creates a graphic object
suitable for creating complex scenes, together with other
graphic objects. There is also a function wxpiechart for
creating embedded histograms in interfaces wxMaxima and iMaxima.
Example:
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) s1 : read_list (file_search ("pidigits.data"))$
(%i3) piechart(
s1,
xrange = [-1.1, 1.3],
yrange = [-1.1, 1.1],
title = "Digit frequencies in pi")$
See also function barsplot.
Plots scatter diagrams both for univariate (list) and multivariate (matrix) samples.
Available options are the same admitted by histogram.
Function scatterplot_description creates a graphic object
suitable for creating complex scenes, together with other
graphic objects. There is also a function wxscatterplot for
creating embedded histograms in interfaces wxMaxima and iMaxima.
Examples:
Univariate scatter diagram from a simulated Gaussian sample.
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) load ("distrib")$
(%i3) scatterplot(
random_normal(0,1,200),
xaxis = true,
point_size = 2,
dimensions = [600,150])$
Two dimensional scatter plot.
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) s2 : read_matrix (file_search ("wind.data"))$
(%i3) scatterplot(
submatrix(s2, 1,2,3),
title = "Data from stations #4 and #5",
point_type = diamant,
point_size = 2,
color = blue)$
Three dimensional scatter plot.
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) s2 : read_matrix (file_search ("wind.data"))$
(%i3) scatterplot(submatrix (s2, 1,2), nclasses=4)$
Five dimensional scatter plot, with five classes histograms.
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) s2 : read_matrix (file_search ("wind.data"))$
(%i3) scatterplot(
s2,
nclasses = 5,
frequency = relative,
fill_color = blue,
fill_density = 0.3,
xtics = 5)$
For plotting isolated or line-joined points in two and three dimensions,
see points. See also histogram.
Plots star diagrams for discrete statistical variables, both for one or multiple samples.
data can be a list of outcomes representing one sample, or a matrix of m rows and n columns, representing n samples of size m each.
Available options are:
[]): a list of colors for multiple samples.
When there are more samples than specified colors, the extra necesary colors
are chosen at random. See color to learn more
about them.
absolute): indicates the scale of the
radii. Possible values are: absolute and relative.
orderlessp): possible values are
orderlessp or ordergreatp, indicating how statistical outcomes
should be ordered.
[]): a list with the strings to be used in
the legend. When the list length is other than 0 or the number of samples, an
error message is returned.
[0,0]): diagram’s center.
1): diagram’s radius.
draw options, except points_joined, point_type,
and key, which are internally assigned by starplot.
If you want to set your own values for this options or want to build
complex scenes, make use of starplot_description.
draw option: line_width.
Function starplot_description creates a graphic object
suitable for creating complex scenes, together with other
graphic objects. There is also a function wxstarplot for
creating embedded histograms in interfaces wxMaxima and iMaxima.
Example:
Plot based on absolute frequencies. Location and radius defined by the user.
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) l1: makelist(random(10),k,1,50)$
(%i3) l2: makelist(random(10),k,1,200)$
(%i4) starplot(
l1, l2,
stars_colors = [blue,red],
sample_keys = ["1st sample", "2nd sample"],
star_center = [1,2],
star_radius = 4,
proportional_axes = xy,
line_width = 2 ) $
Plots stem and leaf diagrams. Unique available option is:
1): indicates the unit of the leaves;
must be a power of 10.
Example:
(%i1) load ("descriptive")$
(%i2) load("distrib")$
(%i3) stemplot(
random_normal(15, 6, 100),
leaf_unit = 0.1);
-5|4
0|37
1|7
3|6
4|4
5|4
6|57
7|0149
8|3
9|1334588
10|07888
11|01144467789
12|12566889
13|24778
14|047
15|223458
16|4
17|11557
18|000247
19|4467799
20|00
21|1
22|2335
23|01457
24|12356
25|455
27|79
key: 6|3 = 6.3
(%o3) done
Previous: Functions and Variables for specific multivariate descriptive statistics, Nach oben: Package descriptive [Inhalt][Index]